By Johan Prins

Artificial Intelligence (AI) often evokes images of Terminator-like machines or sentient robots, but experts like Patong Kotsukwane cut through the hype to clarify its true nature. During a recent PowerFM broadcast, Kotsukwane explained that AI is not sentient but rather a tool that mimics human cognitive abilities by learning from data. This distinction is crucial for understanding its potential and limitations, especially for Africa, which stands at the cusp of an AI-driven future.

Kotsukwane emphasizes that AI “learns, it doesn’t think.” The technology observes vast datasets—sourced from the internet, user interactions, and various other inputs—and uses patterns to generate outputs. Think of ChatGPT as an advanced calculator: it revisits previous inputs, learns from them, and offers refined suggestions. It is driven by data reliance, not consciousness or independent thought.

The conversation highlights Africa’s unique opportunity: the continent has historically lacked comprehensive documentation of its cultures and practices. AI datasets can incentivize African societies to preserve and monetize their cultural heritage. By documenting indigenous languages, traditional knowledge, and local customs, Africa can breathe new life into its stories, fostering both cultural pride and economic growth through data monetization.

However, the adoption of AI by governments remains slow. Kotsukwane points to the contrast between the USA and China: the former relies heavily on private sector investments, while the latter harnesses state-led initiatives. Large-scale AI projects often demand significant upfront investment and high risk, akin to space exploration or the internet’s early days—costly endeavors initially funded by governments. Over time, private companies then take these innovations forward, as seen in the evolution of the internet.

For African nations like South Africa, the question isn’t necessarily building billion-dollar AIs but integrating AI into existing processes to dramatically improve efficiency and reduce costs. Kotsukwane advocates for clear national AI policies, emphasizing that the available infrastructure—such as data centers and a talented academic community—is sufficient to start small but meaningful transformations. Governments should enable startups by granting access to vast datasets (while respecting privacy frameworks) and making AI competence part of school curricula to build a future-ready workforce.

South Africa’s higher education institutions have produced globally influential AI researchers, including recipients of Time Magazine’s Top 100 Most Influential People in AI. This talent pool, combined with burgeoning local companies like InstaDeep, Lilapa AI, and RNO, demonstrates that the continent is already making strides in AI-powered solutions for healthcare, language preservation, and counterfeit drug detection.

One key message from Kotsukwane: AI is accessible. Even small businesses, law firms, logistics providers, and farmers can harness AI tools to streamline operations, cut costs, and enhance services. For instance, AI can quickly analyze legal documents, generate summaries, or optimize supply chains—all with minimal technical expertise. The barrier to entry remains low—what’s needed is awareness and willingness to experiment.

Yet, caution remains essential. AI’s risks—bias, hallucinations, and inaccuracies—should not be glossed over. An incident in South Africa where AI-generated court pleadings contained fictitious references underscores the importance of human oversight. AI is a powerful assistant but cannot replace professional judgment and verification.

Kotsukwane concludes with a call to action: the continent must start generating its own data, telling its stories, and investing in foundational education to truly leverage AI’s potential. While high-end AI development requires big budgets, immediate applications are within reach through smarter policies, better data access, and fostering a culture of innovation.

In summary, Africa has everything it needs—world-class talent, existing infrastructure, and an entrepreneurial spirit—to unlock AI’s transformative power. The focus should shift to practical implementation, policy support, and building a resilient data ecosystem. As Kotsukwane aptly put it, AI is not just a future technology—it’s a tool that can turn ordinary Africans into innovators and pioneers in a rapidly evolving digital world.